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It has also been alleged that Sevastopol has served as the main source in supplying the Assad regime during Syria's civil war and proved useful with Russia's role in dismantling Syria's chemical weapons last year. The Russian navy was actively engaged with Vietnam, Syria and Venezuela (and up until March 2011, Libya) " for logistics and repair services in their principal ports". The Black Sea Fleet has seen a flurry of activity since 2008: during the war with Georgia that year, the fleet staged blockades in the Black Sea. Projecting power: Sevastopol has been an important hub to project Russia's naval power on a global platform. But they buckled under the pressure of a gas-price hike and, in 2010, extended the Russian navy's lease until 2042. In 2008 the Ukrainians said they would not renew the lease when it expired in 2017. The Treaty of Friendship and Co-operation – by which Russia rents its naval base at Sevastopol from the Ukrainian government – is so far-reaching in the rights it gives the Russians to exercise their military powers that it is seen by many in Ukraine to undermine the country's independence. For more than 20 years, ever since the collapse of the Soviet Union, its rule by Kiev has been a major source of Russian resentment – inside and outside Crimea – and a major thorn in Ukraine's relations with Russia. Photograph: /WikimediaĪs Orlando Figes, author of Crimea: The Last Crusade, wrote last week:Ĭrimea was bound to be the focus of the Russian backlash against the Ukrainian revolution. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, a 1997 treaty with Ukraine allowed Russia to keep its Black Sea Fleet pretty much intact (with 15,000 personnel currently stationed) and lease the base at Sevastopol (extended to expire in 2042). Geographic limitations and ambitions: Russia's capacity to reach the sea is limited by geography, so ports in the north and south seas, leading to larger waters, are crucial.Īs the map below illustrates, Sevastopol is a strategically important base for Russia's naval fleet, in addition to being Russia's only warm water base. Why does Russia have a naval base in Crimea?
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This comes as a team of OSCE observers has been prevented for a second day from entering Crimea by unidentified armed men. The EU and US are mulling sanctions – so far targeting a small number of individuals with visa bans and asset freezes. But the referendum has the support of the Russian parliament, with the speaker of the upper house saying that Russia would "unquestionably back" the referendum's choice.
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Ukraine's interim prime minister warned the Crimean parliament that "no one in the civilised world" would recognize its referendum, calling the vote "unconstitutional" and "illegitimate". The move comes as international tensions continue to mount over the presence of Russian troops in the peninsula, which reportedly now number 30,000. On Thursday, Crimean ministers held a vote in their regional parliament to join the Russian Federation and secede from Ukraine, and to organize a referendum on the issue for 16 March. Peter the Great gets his own section Recent events A brief history of Crimea and Crimean Tatars